Trinitrotoluene, more commonly known as TNT, is a yellow, crystalline solid that is a powerful explosive. It's synthesized by nitrating toluene in a three-step process. TNT is relatively insensitive to shock and friction, making it safer to handle than some other explosives. Its stability and predictable detonation properties have made it a widely used explosive in military and industrial applications, including demolition, mining, and construction. While once the gold standard for explosive power, it's now often used in mixtures with other explosives to achieve desired effects.